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Vol.12，No.5                        环 境 工 程 技 术 学 报                                  第 12 卷，第 5 期
            Sep.，2022                     Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology          2022 年 9 月

            曹家乐，张亚辉，张瑾，等.国内外水生态健康评价研究进           展  [J].环境工程技术学报，2022，12（5）：1402-1410.
            CAO  J  L,ZHANG  Y  H,ZHANG  J,et  al.Research  progress  of  water  ecological  health  assessment  at  home  and  abroad[J].Journal  of  Environmental
            Engineering Technology，2022，12（5）：1402-1410.

                                国内外水生态健康评价研究进展


                                                          3
                                                                              1,2
                                曹家乐    1,2,3 ，张亚辉 1,2* ，张瑾 ，黄子晏    1,2,3 ，杜士林 ，孙福红       1
                                     1.环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
                                            2.中国环境科学研究院环境检测与实验中心
                                               3.安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院

            摘要 我国《水污染防治行动计划》提出对江河湖泊实施水生态保护和水资源管理，在“十四五”期间开展流域、河湖的水生态
            健康评价方法研究，支撑我国由水质向水生态目标管理转变，同时也为我国水生态环境管理提供依据。通过梳理国外水生态健
            康评价体系的发展历程，着重介绍了预测模型法、生物完整性指数法等几种典型的评价体系和方法，并通过应用案例分析了评
            价体系的局限性；同时梳理了我国已经颁布的水生态健康相关的标准及规范，分析了我国本土流域的水生态健康评价方法及其
            优缺点；最后对我国水生态健康评价体系、管理准则和政策体系提出建议，以期为我国水生态健康评价的研究发展及实践应用
            提供借鉴和参考。
            关键词 水生态健康；评价体系；生物完整性；标准规范
            中图分类号：X826,X52    文章编号：1674-991X（2022）05-1402-09  doi：10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210425

                Research progress of water ecological health assessment at home and abroad

                                                                                      1,2
                                                           3
                    CAO Jiale 1,2,3 ,  ZHANG Yahui 1,2* ,  ZHANG Jin ,  HUANG Ziyan 1,2,3 ,  DU Shilin ,  SUN Fuhong 1
               1.State Key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
                       2.Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
                                 3.College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University
            Abstract China's Action Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control proposed to implement water ecological
            protection and water resource management in rivers and lakes. During the 14th Five-year Plan period, research on
            water ecological health evaluation methods of river basins, rivers and lakes should be carried out to support the
            transformation from water quality management to water ecological target in China, and provide basis for China's
            water ecological environment management needs. By combing the development process of water ecological health
            evaluation system abroad, several typical evaluation systems and methods such as prediction model method and
            biological  integrity  index  method  were  mainly  introduced  and  the  limitations  of  the  evaluation  system  through
            application cases were analyzed. The standards and norms related to water ecological health issued in China were
            combed, and the advantages and disadvantages of water ecological health evaluation methods in local watersheds in
            China were analyzed. Finally, some suggestions on China's water ecological health evaluation system, management
            criteria and policy system were put forward in order to provide reference for the research, development and practical
            application of water ecological health evaluation in China.
            Key words water ecological health; assessment system; biological integrity; standards and norms

                随着社会经济的发展，水资源不断被开发和利                           生态健康状况。国外         在  2 世  纪  7 年代就开展了水
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            用，同时产生各种污水排放进入水环境，导致水质恶                            生态健康评价研究，构建了适合本土的评价方法，颁
            化，生物多样性锐减，威胁流域水生态健康                   [1-2] 。近几    布了多项评价指南和法律规范。我国《水污染防治
            十年来，世界各国开始强调水生态保护，重视评估水                            行动计划》提出“       到  203 年全国水环境质量总体改
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            收稿日期：2021-08-18
            基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3201001）
            作者简介：曹家乐（1996—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为环境毒理学，2499872440@qq.com
            * 责任作者：张亚辉（1979—），女，副研究员，博士，主要从事生态毒理及风险评估研究，zhangyahui@craes.org.cn
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