Page 262 - 《环境工程技术学报》2022年第5期

Vol.12，No.5 环 境 工 程 技 术 学 报 第 12 卷，第 5 期
Sep.，2022 Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology 2022 年 9 月

杜梅，张强英，任培，等.西藏年楚河流域农用地土壤重金属分布与生态风险评 价 [J].环境工程技术学报，2022，12（5）：1618-1625.
DU M,ZHANG Q Y,REN P,et al.Distribution of soil heavy metals and ecological risk assessment of agricultural land in Nianchu River basin,
Tibet[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2022，12（5）：1618-1625.

西藏年楚河流域农用地土壤重金属分布与生态风险评价

杜梅，张强英，任培，高爽，布多 *

西藏大学理学院
摘要 以西藏年楚河流域江孜县、白朗县农用地土壤为研究对象， 对 Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Z 和 Ni 种重金属进行调
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n
查；采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法等方法，结合空间插值法评价年楚河流域农用地土壤重金属污染状况，同时运用
相关性和主成分分析探究土壤重金属来源。结果表明：1 农用地土壤 中 Hg、Cu、M 和 n N 浓度与西藏土壤环境背景值相比，均
)
i
表现为不同程度的累积， 与 GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》比较，A 元素超标率最大；从
s
江孜县到白朗县，农用地土壤重金属综合生态风险指数逐步增大；2 研究区的区域污染负荷指数 为 1.45，属低污染等级，重度污
)
染集中在白朗县；3 主成分分析表明， 种重金属的来源可分为自然与人为源复合因子、矿山开采因子、农业因子、土壤母质因
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)
子和大气传输因子。
关键词 年楚河流域；农用地；重金属；污染评价；来源分析
中图分类号：X522 文章编号：1674-991X（2022）05-1618-08 doi：10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210381
Distribution of soil heavy metals and ecological risk assessment of agricultural
land in Nianchu River basin, Tibet

DU Mei, ZHANG Qiangying, REN Pei, GAO Shuang, BU Duo *
College of Science, Tibet University

Abstract Taking the cultivated soil in Bailang County and Jiangzi County of Nianchu River basin in Tibet as the
research objects, the contents of 9 kinds of heavy metals, Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn and Ni, were investigated
and analyzed. The single factor index method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method and other methods,
combined with the spatial interpolation method were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of agricultural land
in Nianchu River basin. Meanwhile, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to explore the
sources of soil heavy metals. The results showed that: 1) The content of Hg, Cu, Mn and Ni in the soil of agricultural
land showed different degrees of accumulation, compared with the background values of the soil environment in
Tibet. Compared with Soil Environmental Quality: Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural
Land (GB 15618-2018), As had the highest rate exceeding the standard. From Jiangzi County to Bailang County, the
comprehensive ecological risk index of soil heavy metals in agricultural land gradually increased. 2) The regional
pollution load index of the study area was 1.45, which was a low pollution level. Severe pollution was concentrated
in Bailang County. 3) Principal component analysis showed that the sources of 9 kinds of heavy metals could be
divided into natural and anthropogenic complex factors, mining factors, agricultural factors, soil parent material
factors and atmospheric transmission factors.
Key words Nianchu River basin; agricultural land; heavy metals; pollution assessment; source analysis

随着我国工农业生产的发展，人们赖以生存的 地土壤主要受到重金属污染，土壤污染点位超标率
[1]
土地资源也受到影响，近年来土壤重金属污染较为 为 19.4% 。重金属可在植物中富集，通过食物链造
突出。201 年全国污染土壤状况调查显示，我国耕 成的二次污染威胁着人类健康。矿山开采、污水灌
4

收稿日期：2021-08-04
基金项目：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项 目 (2019QZKK0603)；国家重点研发计划项 目 (2019YFC1904103)；西藏自治区自然科学基金项目
(XZ2019ZRG-02(Z))；中央支持地方高校改革发展专项资 金 (藏财预 指 [2020] 号、[2021] 号)
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作者简介：杜 梅 (1996—)，女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为固体废物资源化过程环境风险管控，dumeicl@163.com
* 责任作者：布多（1972—），男，教授，主要研究方向为环境化学与环境监测，phudor@vip.163.com