Page 339 - 《环境工程技术学报》2022年第5期

Vol.12，No.5 环 境 工 程 技 术 学 报 第 12 卷，第 5 期
Sep.，2022 Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology 2022 年 9 月

吕连宏，张楠，夏捷，等.北方地区农村清洁取暖技术适用性评价：以北京为 例 [J].环境工程技术学报，2022，12（5）：1695-1702.
LÜ L H,ZHANG N,XIA J,et al.Applicability evaluation of clean heating technologies in rural areas in northern China: a case study in Beijing[J].Journal of
Environmental Engineering Technology，2022，12（5）：1695-1702.

北方地区农村清洁取暖技术适用性评价

— 以 北 京 为 例

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吕连宏 ，张楠 ，夏捷 ，张保留 ，白梓函 ，罗宏 1
1*
1.中国环境科学研究院
2.北京节能环保促进会
摘要 为了切实改善区域大气环境质量，中国在北方地区大规模开展以煤改电、煤改气为主的农村清洁取暖改造工程，如何选
择技术可行、经济上可接受的清洁取暖技术路径是清洁取暖改造可持续的关键问题。基于北京农村地区实地调研数据，从经济
性和舒适 性 2 个维度 对 4 种农村清洁取暖技术进行适用性评价，总结出各种技术的适用条件，提出农村清洁取暖技术路径选择
建议。结果表明：空气源热泵运行费用较低，舒适性较好，适合冬季温度不低于−20 ℃ 的各类区域；燃气壁挂炉运行费用略高于
空气源热泵，舒适性较好，适合距离燃气管线或燃气站较近的平原、半山区地区，不同气候温度范围均适用；蓄能式电暖器运行
费用较高，舒适性较差，适合冬季温度接近于城区的农村或城乡接合部、农宅面积较小的区域；地源热泵取暖最好结合政府资金
支持项目实施，运行费用较低，舒适性较好，适合地质结构适宜建井，有足够空间进行地埋管的区域。建议农村清洁取暖工作立
足长远，因地制宜地选择清洁取暖技术，着力降低农户清洁取暖运行成本，同时提高农村清洁取暖电力和天然气供应的可靠性。
关键词 清洁取暖技术；空气源热泵；蓄能式电暖器；燃气壁挂炉；地源热泵；北方地区
中图分类号：X196 文章编号：1674-991X（2022）05-1695-08 doi：10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210298

Applicability evaluation of clean heating technologies in rural areas in

northern China: a case study in Beijing
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LÜ Lianhong , ZHANG Nan , XIA Jie , ZHANG Baoliu , BAI Zihan , LUO Hong 1
1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.Beijing Association to Promote Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection
Abstract In order to effectively improve the regional atmospheric environmental quality, China has launched
large-scale rural clean heating renovation projects in the northern region, mainly from coal to electricity and coal to
gas. How to choose a technically feasible and economically acceptable clean heating technology path is a key issue
for the sustainability of clean heating renovation. Based on field survey data in rural areas of Beijing, the
applicability of four rural clean heating technologies was evaluated from two dimensions of economy and comfort,
the applicable conditions of various technologies were summarized and the suggestions on the choice of rural clean
heating technologies were proposed. The results showed that: The air source heat pump had low operating cost and
good comfort, which was suitable for various areas where the temperature was not lower than −20 ℃ in winter. The
gas wall-hung boiler operation cost was slightly higher than the air source heat pump and had good comfort, which
was suitable for plain and semi-mountainous areas close to gas pipelines or gas stations, and it was applicable to
various climate and temperature ranges. Energy storage heater had high operating costs and poor comfort, which
was suitable for rural areas where the winter temperature was close to urban areas, or areas of urban-rural junctions
and small farm houses. The ground-source heat pump was best implemented in conjunction with government-funded
projects, with lower operating costs, better comfort, and was suitable for areas where the geological structure was
suitable for well construction and there was enough space for underground pipes. It was suggested that the rural
clean heating work should be based on the long-term perspective, select clean heating technologies according to

收稿日期：2021-07-05
基金项目：大气重污染成因与治理攻关项 目 (DQGG0304)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专 项 (2019YSKY-001)
作者简介：吕连宏（1981—），男，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事能源与环境经济研究，lvlh@craes.org.cn
* 通信作者：张保留（1989—），女，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事能源与环境经济研究，zblsmile@126.com