Page 398 - 《环境工程技术学报》2023年第1期

Vol.13，No.1 环 境 工 程 技 术 学 报 第 13 卷，第 1 期
Jan.，2023 Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology 2023 年 1 月

李春华，叶春，刘福兴，等.近自然湿地生态修复的概念、理论与实 践 [J].环境工程技术学报，2023，13（1）：394-402.
LI C H,YE C,LIU F X,et al.Concept, theory and practice of near-natural wetland ecological restoration[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering
Technology，2023，13（1）：394-402.

近自然湿地生态修复的概念、理论与实践

李春华 ，叶春 1,2* ，刘福兴 ，魏伟伟 ，郑烨 1,2
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1.湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
3.上海市农业科学院, 上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心
摘要 随着对湿地重要性认知的提高，我国对湿地生态修复技术的需求也日益增加，其中近自然湿地生态修复备受关注。描述
了近自然概念的由来，提出了近自然湿地的定义并辨析了其与人工湿地的主要区别。以太湖竺山湖湿地生态修复为例，介绍了
近自然湿地生态修复的设计思路、主要技术措施和修复效果。在竺山湖近自然湿地生态修复中，依次实施了水文水动力改善、
基底形态营造、植物恢复、水生动物恢复、生物量管理等措施，具体包括：改善水体连通性和流动性，提高生境多样性和适宜性；
基 于 5 种基底形态对污染物去除效果的分析，构建了多起伏型基底形态；根据土著适生、净化水质、兼顾景观等原则，筛选出
2 属 1 3 种土著湿地植物，设计并应用 了 2 种植物配置模式；根据生态系统调控 （EwE）模型对湿地食物网结构的分析结果，对水
5
生植物收割量、鱼类及虾蟹类的种群数量提出了调控建议。生态修复后竺山湖水质由劣Ⅴ类改善为Ⅱ类（GB 3838—2002《地表
水环境质量标准》），大型水生植物多样性显著提高。竺山湖湿地生态修复效果验证了近自然生态修复方法的有效性，今后还需
不断在实践应用过程中丰富近自然湿地生态修复的理论及技术，并开展大规模的实践应用。
关键词 近自然湿地法；生态修复；基底形态；竺山湖湿地；太湖
中图分类号：X524 文章编号：1674-991X（2023）01-0394-09 doi：10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210832

Concept, theory and practice of near-natural wetland ecological restoration

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LI Chunhua , YE Chun 1,2* , LIU Fuxing , WEI Weiwei , ZHENG Ye 1,2
1.National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key
Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-Carbon Agriculture

Abstract With the increasing recognition of the importance of wetlands, the demand for wetland ecological
restoration techniques is increasing in China, among which near-natural wetland restoration method has attracted
more and more attention. The history of the development of near-natural method was reviewed. The definition of
near-natural wetland was put forward, and the main differences between near-natural wetland and constructed
wetland were analyzed. The ecological restoration of Zhushanhu wetland in Taihu Lake was used as an example to
illustrate the design process, main technical measures and restoration effects of near-natural ecological restoration.
In the near-natural ecological restoration of Zhushanhu wetland, measures such as the improvement of hydrological
and hydrodynamic conditions, the construction of basement forms, plant restoration, aquatic animal restoration, and
biomass and species management were successively implemented. The connectivity and mobility of water bodies
were improved, the habitat diversity and suitability were enhanced. The wave style basal morphology was
constructed based on five types of basement morphology. According to the principles of suitable habitat, priority of
water purification and consideration of landscape, 35 species of indigenous wetland plants from 21 genera were
selected, and two plant configuration models were designed and used in Zhushanhu wetland restoration process.
Based on the analysis results of Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model on the structure of wetland food web, some

收稿日期：2021-12-16
基金项目：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专 项 (2012ZX07101-009，2017ZX07203-005)
作者简介：李春 华 (1977—)，女，研究员，博士，主要从事湖泊生态修复与技术研究，297535203@qq.com
* 责任作者：叶 春 (1970—)，男，研究员，博士，主要从事湖泊富营养化治理和生态恢复理论与技术研究，yechbj@163.com