Page 23 - 《环境工程技术学报》2023年第1期

Vol.13，No.1 环 境 工 程 技 术 学 报 第 13 卷，第 1 期
Jan.，2023 Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology 2023 年 1 月

李永真，孙德智，李虹，等.长江流域洞庭湖片区典型城市水环境问题解析与治理对 策 [J].环境工程技术学报，2023，13（1）：19-26.
LI Y Z,SUN D Z,LI H,et al.Analysis and governance countermeasures study of water environment problems in typical cities around Dongting Lake in the
Yangtze River Basin[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2023，13（1）：19-26.

长江流域洞庭湖片区典型城市水环境问题

解析与治理对策

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李永真 ，孙德智 ，李虹 ，李莹杰 ，齐飞 1,2*
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1.水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室，北京林业大学
2.北京林业大学污染水体源控与生态修复技术北京高校工程研究中心
3.中国环境科学研究院
摘要 为解析洞庭湖片区城市对洞庭湖及长江流域造成的水环境污染问题并提出相应的治理对策，以洞庭湖片 区 6 个城市为研
究对象，对该区域城市国控断面水质变化情况、水资源特征和重金属污染问题进行梳理，对工业源、城市生活源和城市面源的污
染负荷进行核算。结果表明，片区 内 6 个城市排放 的 COD、氨氮、T 和 T 负荷量分别 为 14.0 万、1.2 万、2.4 万 和 0.1 万 4 t/a，
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P
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主要污染源来自城市生活源，其次分别为工业源和城市面源，影响片区城市水质的主要因子分别为氨氮 和 TP。对该片区城市水
环境问题进行剖析，发现管网建设不完善是引起城市水体水质恶化的重要原因之一，工业规模扩大和工业历史遗留问题导致工
业废水排放和重金属污染，并基于上述分析提出相应的城市水环境问题整治建议。
关键词 洞庭湖片区城市；水环境问题解析；污染负荷；重金属；治理对策
中图分类号：X524 文章编号：1674-991X（2023）01-0019-08 doi：10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210708
Analysis and governance countermeasures study of water environment problems

in typical cities around Dongting Lake in the Yangtze River Basin
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LI Yongzhen , SUN Dezhi , LI Hong , LI Yingjie , QI Fei 1,2*
1.Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University
2.Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University
3.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Abstract Six cities were taken as the research object to analyze the water environment pollution problems of
Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River Basin caused by cities in Dongting Lake region, and put forward the
corresponding countermeasures. The water quality variation of the state-controlled sections, characteristics of water
resources and heavy metal pollution of the six cities in the region were summarized, and the pollution load of
industrial sources, urban domestic sources, and urban non-point sources were calculated. The results showed that the
loading of COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP discharged by the 6 cities in this region were 140 700, 12 100,
24 500 and 1 400 t/a, respectively. The main pollution sources were urban domestic sources, followed by industrial
sources and urban non-point sources. The main factors affecting urban water quality in this region were ammonia
nitrogen and total phosphorus. Through analyzing the urban water environment problems in this region, it was found
that the imperfect construction of the pipe network was one of the important reasons for the deterioration of urban
water quality, and the expansion of industrial scale and the problems left over from industrial history led to the
discharge of industrial wastewater and heavy metal pollution. Based on the above analysis, the corresponding
governance suggestions for urban water environment problems were put forward.
Key words cities in Dongting Lake region; analysis of water environment problems; pollution load; heavy metals;
governance countermeasures

收稿日期：2021-11-16
基金项目：长江生态环境保护修复联合研究一期项目成果集成课题（2021-长江项目-001-W-004）
作者简介：李永 真 (1995—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事污水深度处理技术研究，liyongzhen802@163.com
* 责任作者：齐 飞 (1980—)，男，教授，主要从事水质分析与水质安全保障技术研究，qifei@bjfu.edu.cn